Stonehendge :: Architecture History Art Essays

Stonehendge When you think of Stonehenge, you think of the Ancient Druid Civilization that supposedly built it, this is in fact not true. In this essay, I will certify you the building of one of the most amazing art forms in history, as well as give some insight on legend. Certainly the outflank know of all megalithic sites, Stonehenge stands in isolation on the undulating chalk of Salisbury Plain, west of Amesbury, between the busy A303 and A344 roads. At first sight, this unique and suspicious site appears smaller than imagined, but the tallest upright orchestra pit is 6.7m (22ft) high, with another 2.4m (8ft) below ground. The outermost element of the site is the Avenue that runs straight down a voiced slope for 530m (560yds) into Stonehenge Bottom. The Avenue consists of twin banks about 12m (40ft) apart with internal ditches, and it begins at the entrance to the earthwork enclosure. Here is the Heel Stone, a large upright unworked sarsen (hard sandstone) that lies immedi ately attached to the A344 road. It is worth noting that the nearest source of stones of the size represented by the large sarsens at Stonehenge is on the Marlborough Downs, about 30km (18mi) to the NE. One may only imagine how these stones had been travel it only seems logical that these stones (the heaviest of which weighs about 45 tons) were transported on some type of sl brim.Moving inwards from the Heel Stone is an earthwork enclosure that consists of a ditch and an national bank, the height of which was calculated by Professor Atkinson as being about 1.8m (6ft). It is known that there were at least two entrances, the one now megascopic (facing NE) and one to the south. Lying within the entrance is an unworked and now recumbent sarsen stone, stained a rusty red caused by rainwater acting on iron, and known as the Slaughter Stone. Arranged around the inner edge of the earthwork bank were originally four small uprights the Station Stones, of which two are still visible. strai ght adjacent to the bank is a ring of 56 pits, known as the Aubrey Holes, marked by circular concrete spots. The area between the inner edge of the bank and the outermost stone settings includes at least two further settings of pits the Y and Z holes.On the central area of the site, there are the stone settings, the sophisticated arrangements that set Stonehenge apart from any other prehistoric monument in Europe.

Gods Gift To Calculators: The Taylor Series :: essays research papers

Gods Gift to Calculators The Taylor Series     It is incredible how far calculators present come since my p atomic number 18nts were incollege, which was when the square root key came bring out. Calculators since thenhave evolved into machines that can take natural logarithms, sines, cosines,arcsines, and so on. The funny thing is that calculators have not gotten any"smarter" since then. In fact, calculators are still basically limited to the intravenous feeding basic operations addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division Sowhat is it that allows calculators to evaluate logs, trigonometric functions,and exponents? This ability is due in large part to the Taylor series, whichhas allowed mathematicians (and calculators) to approximate functions,such asthose given above, with polynomials. These polynomials, called TaylorPolynomials, are easy for a calculator manipulate because the calculator usesonly the four basic arithmetic operators.  &n bsp  So how do mathematicians take a function and strain it into a polynomialfunction? Lets find out. First, lets assume that we have a function in the formy= f(x) that looks like the graph below.     Well start out trying to approximate function values near x=0. To dothis we start out using the lowest order polynomial, f0(x)=a0, that passesthrough the y-intercept of the graph (0,f(0)). So f(0)=ao.     Next, we see that the graph of f1(x)= a0 + a1x will also pass through x=0, and will have the same slope as f(x) if we let a0=f1(0).      in a flash, if we want to propose a better polynomial approximation for thisfunction, which we do of course, we must make a few generalizations. First, welet the polynomial fn(x)= a0 + a1x + a2x2 + ... + anxn approximate f(x) near x=0,and let this functions first n derivatives match the the derivatives of f(x) atx=0. So if we want to make the derivatives of fn(x) equal to f(x) at x =0, wehave to chose the coefficients a0 through an properly. How do we do this?Well write down the polynomial and its derivatives as follows.     fn(x)= a0 + a1x + a2x2 + a3x3 + ... + anxnf1n(x)= a1 + 2a2x + 3a3x2 +... + nanxn-1f2n(x)= 2a2 + 6a3x +... +n(n-1)anxn-2     .     .f(n)n(x)= (n)an     Next we will substitute 0 in for x above so thata0=f(0)          a2=f2(0)/2          an=f(n)(0)/n     Now we have an equation whose first n derivatives match those of f(x) atx=0.     fn(x)= f(0) + f1(0)x + f2(0)x2/2 + ... + f(n)(0)xn/ n     This equation is called the nth degree Taylor polynomial at x=0.Furthermore, we can generalize this equation for x=a instead of just

Wilson’s League of Nations and Its Legacy Essay -- United Nations Hist

Wilsons League of Nations and Its LegacyAs much of the world lay in shambles as the closure to the War to End All Wars approached, President Woodrow Wilson contemplated the global state of affairs. In his Fourteen Points, Wilson expresses his desire for a just and stable peace and outlines ways in which to accomplish it. One of his pointsthe fourteenthsuggests the creation of a group of nations with a common purpose. As his idea took root, it grew into the League of Nations. Despite good intentions, the League of Nations proven too weak to be effective at the outbreak of World War II. Even though the League itself failed, the legacy of its framework and missions live on in the current international system, most obviously in the United Nations.Stated in The Fourteen Points, Wilsons idea of the purpose of the proposed general connecter of nations was to afford mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike. Wilson was of the beli ef that the victory of democracy over absolute rule would solution in the victory ...

An Overview of Euripides’ Electra :: Euripides Electra Essays

An Overview of Electra   Euripides play Electra, produced in 415 b.c.e., starts with a peasant recounting past events Clytemnestra and her lover Aegisthus murdered Agamemnon and took the throne of Mycenae. Agamemnons son Orestes escape and has been raised in Phocis. Daughter Electra, when marriageable, was forced to wed this peasant instead of any noble, whereby Aegisthus rule might be endangered. The marriage has non been consummated. If any earth thinks me a fool, for harbouring / A young girl in my house and never touching her, / He measures whats right by the wretched standard of / His own legal opinion (107).   Electra doesnt mind toiling so long as she can grouse about her mother. Orestes and his friend Pylades arrive. Orestes has been sent by Apollos oracle to avenge his fathers murder. He and Electra, who doesnt key him, exchange stories, Electra revealing that Aegisthus when hes drunk, so people say, / Jumps on the grave, or flings stones at my fathers name / I nscribed there (116) and acts paranoid about Orestes. With the help of an old one-time retainer to Agamemnon and a convenient scar, Orestes identity is revealed to Electra. The siblings conspire.   Orestes pretends to join Aegisthus in an animal sacrifice besides murders the usurper and wins over the kings guards to his side. He parades the severed head to Electra, who is elated but not sated. Orestes balks at the idea of killing Clytemnestra, their mother. Electra sends word that she has given birth. Clytemnestra visits and does a rather convincing job of explaining her side to all the famous events, particularly her exasperation at Agamemnon for tricking their daughter Iphigenia to her sacrificial death before the Trojan War. She was also less than pleased that Agamemnon brought back Cassandra as his new slave toy. The Chorus is characteristically idiotic Your words are just yet in your justice there remains / Something repellent. A wife ought in all things to accept / Her husbands judgement, if she is wise. Those who will not / Admit this, fall outside my scope of argument (141). Electra aligns Clytemnestra with her sister Helen. She accuses her mother of primping before the mirror long before Agamemnons crimes, obviously for someone else. And Electra claims Clytemnestras rationalizations do not address the persecution of Orestes and herself. Clytemnestra accepts that Electra favors her father, but as to this business of the new baby?

Frankenstein :: Essays Papers

Frankenstein Protagonist The protagonist in the novel is superscript Frankenstein. He is the main character who contends with the conflict in the novel. His decision to create life provides a problem that he attempts to escape scarcely eventually marks his death. antagonist The antagonist in the novel is also the protagonist, Victor Frankenstein. Victor may have directed all of his hate and blame towards the monster he created, but is worst enemy lay within himself and his refusal to accept responsibility for his actions. Conflict The main conflict in the novel is based on the monster Victor Frankenstein created in his laboratory. He neglects his responsibility to the monster he created by ignoring its existence, and his cowardice leads to inner feelings of guilt and unhappiness that ultimately cause his life to unravel and the good deal he loves to perish. His refusal to be accountable for his action brings the misery and misfortune that constitute the foundati on of the novel. Chronology Robert Walton writes in his first letter to his sister Margaret Saville about his desire to research the world. His second letter then tells about his preparations for a crew and more about how he desires to explore the unexplored. In this letter he also explains how he wishes he had a friend to share his life with. In his third letter, he tells how the voyage is underway and going well. His fourth letter tells how the ship became pin down between floating blocks of ice and, after being freed, the ship encounters and takes aboard a man who was stranded on floating ice. Walton tells how the man is in pathetic condition and is very melancholy. He tells how he gradually befriends the man and, after talking for some time, the man agrees to tell Walton the story of his life and how he came to be where he is now. His name is told to be Victor Frankenstein. Walton, during the narration, takes notes in the form of a letter for Margaraet. Victor Frankenstein w as born in Geneva, Switzerland, to a family of notoriety. His family adopted a untried girl his age named Elizabeth from a poor family who could not support her. As a child, Victor was fascinated with alchemy and sciences. At age seventeen, Victors mother died.

Frankenstein :: Essays Papers

Frankenstein Protagonist The protagonist in the novel is Victor Frankenstein. He is the main component part who contends with the conflict in the novel. His decision to create life provides a problem that he attempts to escape but eventually marks his death. Antagonist The antagonist in the novel is also the protagonist, Victor Frankenstein. Victor may have directed all of his hate and blame towards the monster he created, but is worst competitor lay within himself and his refusal to accept responsibility for his actions. Conflict The main conflict in the novel is based on the monster Victor Frankenstein created in his laboratory. He neglects his responsibility to the monster he created by ignoring its existence, and his cowardice leads to inner feelings of guilt and unhappiness that ultimately cause his life to unravel and the people he loves to perish. His refusal to be accountable for his action brings the misery and misfortune that constitute the foundation of the novel. Chronology Robert Walton writes in his first letter to his sister Margaret Saville about his desire to explore the world. His second letter then tells about his preparations for a crew and more about how he desires to explore the unexplored. In this letter he also explains how he wishes he had a friend to share his life with. In his third letter, he tells how the voy develop is underway and going well. His fourth letter tells how the ship became trapped between aimless blocks of ice and, after being freed, the ship encounters and takes aboard a man who was stranded on floating ice. Walton tells how the man is in wretched condition and is truly melancholy. He tells how he gradually befriends the man and, after talking for some time, the man agrees to tell Walton the story of his life and how he came to be where he is now. His squall is told to be Victor Frankenstein. Walton, during the narration, takes notes in the form of a letter for Margaraet. Victor Frankenstein w as born in Geneva, Switzerland, to a family of notoriety. His family adopted a young girl his age named Elizabeth from a poor family who could not support her. As a child, Victor was fascinated with alchemy and sciences. At age seventeen, Victors mother died.

The Hoover Company and Dyson

Table of Contents incredulity 12 Dysons assess Chain Model2 Competency framework model3 DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS4 call into question 25 VRIO FRAMWORK5 DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS6 Question 36 Question 47 References8 Question 1 Using framework from the chapter, analyse the strategic capabilities of Dyson. Dysons Value Chain Model Support Activities FirmInfrastructure Structuring and planning, HQ in UK, manufacturing and testing facility in Malaysia with 120 testing station, patent protection, management, corporate commitment to proceeds increase supported by company motto thinking, testing, breaking, questioning. 50 engineers in Wilshire with 20 specialist laboratories dummy up by. INFORMATION FLOW Human ResourceManagement Up-to-date employee details, training, reward scheme, 2500 good deal working for Dyson around the world, recruitment follows an online process, the right candidate depart be called for an interview, recruitment strategy focuses on recruitment of engineers and institutioners TechnologyDevelopment Margin Helps in R&D, which is the constitute operation, ERD and IRM to manage the information flow within the company, a wide selection of engine room involve in production process and technical innovation.Dysons technology multiplier technology and ball technology. Procurement Raw materials procure from the UK and Asia. Majority of procurement come from Asia where suppliers atomic number 18 based and cost are low. The material is shipped to Dysons manufacturing plant in Malaysia. Malaysia is on of the leading procurement centres in the world. Primary Activities Inbound logistics Connected with suppliers, so that they can meet the needs, raw materials, energy, inventory management, upset logistics process as defective product can be returned to Dyson company at the cost to the customer.The product will be return within 24h to the customer. operations Avoiding unwanted operations and thus enhance the flexibility, manufacturing the products in Malaysia and China, the NQ in the UK, developing and testing the prototypes, sending the prototype through production process. The manufacturing process that converts raw materials into conf utilise products. The operation phase is preceded by the development of a prototype. Various forms of technology is used to develop a prototype from special computerized technology to plasticine and cardboard. Outbound logistics speedy and direct link to distributors all oer the world, Dysons sell his products directly from their website and retail stores like comet or currys. Activities of outbound logistics are customers orders which are shipped to disparate locations around the world. Research &Development 50% of the company clams is spend on R&D, 350 engeeners, R&D in the UK, design, technological innovation and creativity. Marketing & Sales Electronic market research, advertising, Dyson award for young inventors, online ordering process, online marking, strategy where the customer c an shop online with the assistance of customer helping agents. The online order makes easy for the customer to choose product, models and performance. Service Effective after sales services to the client at cost to the client, 7 days a week customer help line and online customer service, 5 years warranty for Dysons products. INFORMATION FLOW Competency framework model Dyson brink resources - Engineering design equipment (tangible) - Product supplies (tangible) - Manufacturing space (tangible) - Offices and facilities (tangible) - appropriate personnel (tangible) - sufficient customers (human resource) - - Dyson threshold competences - general management skills including distribution & marketing (intangible) - Engineering design skills (intangible) - salute control through manufacturing in low-cost locations Malaysia and China (tangible) - Quality assurance and control, 550 tests before the product will reach production line (tangible) - The ability to absorb customers sufficie ntly inspired by design to pay indemnity prices across (intangible), - - Dyson distinctive resources - James Dyson himself (human resource) - The Dyson brand name and strategy of high-end products in an otherwise thudding market (intangible source) - An HQ building and related laboratories designed to foster innovation (tangible resource) - Product portfolio and associated patents (intangible) - High R&D budget (tangible) - Company invests extensively in PR & advertising (intangible) - Ownership of the manufacturing facilities and hence control over the working conditions of the employees versus other companies that contract out their manufacturing and can be accused of supporting sorry labour conditions different markets (tangible) - 350 engineers involve in R&D (tangible) - Manufacturing plants in Malaysia and Singapore (tangible) - 120 testing stations (tangible) - Physical products.Space cube kitchen, vacuums, slipstream machine and air knives (tangible) - Corporate cult ure, Dyson encourage their workers to think outside the box, the company mix experience engineers with freshly qualified to give them the chance to make a difference, entrepreneurial culture with a huge emphasis on innovation, creativity and initiative (intangible) - Human resources Dyson is committed to hiring people who are creative and courageous, unconditioned fresh-thinkers (tangible) - finance resources - - Dyson distinctive competences - Inspirational leadership around the value of engineering (intangible) - Design engineering skills that transform ideas into practicable products (intangible) - Competence to make engineering aesthetically spellbinding (intangible) - Seamless value chain despite design and manufacturing being in different locations (intangible) - Being one step a soul of competitors attracting customers and subsequent followers including premium pricing (intangible) - Attractiveness of their product, never being boring always being surprising and colourful (tangible) - Marketing expertise (tangible) - Manufacturing process, product design combination of design engineering and manufacturing (tangible) - 50% of the profit goes on R&D (intangible) - DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS All the key activities in Dyson value chain are intertwined due to very modernistic go up to products. Dysons decision of moving manufacturing to Malaysia and Singapore was based on reduce cost of production but the profit was not the only reason. Very important was the short distance from the Asian suppliers and primary consumer market.Dysons shows very unorthodox approach towards by allocating 50% of their profit into R&D. It proves that it was the right decision by showing three new products newer root cyclone technology, air-blade hand dryer and bladeless fans. (Arnott, 2010) While loss its HQ in the UK to be faithful to centre of innovative technology and development. Their HQ is the centre of developing, testing and prototyping which employees 350 engineer s. We cannot forget about inspirational leadership pertaining to the value of engineering and design engineering skills.Dysons employment strategy focuses on the recruitment of engineers and designers more than any other group of people. The HR philosophy in Dyson is to nurture talent and challenge people to get the best from them. Recruited staffs typically follow a linear progression in moving up the ladder of their career. The Dyson website reports that there are 10 different types of benefits, staffs are entitled to. There are 2500 people working for Dyson around the world with a growing demand to recruit more engineers at the Wiltshire head office.Recruitment follows an online process and successful candidates are called for interviews where the best are selected. Dysons shows vibrant, entrepreneurial culture with a huge emphasis on innovation, creativity and initiative. Dyson forefathert strap people into suit and plonk them behind desks. The staffs are encouraged to develop new ideas outside of the traditional boundaries. Question 2 To what completion do you think any of the capabilities can be imitated by competitors? VRIO FRAMWORK Valuable? Rare? Costly to Imitate? Exploitable by the Organisation? Competitive Implications? NO NO Competitive Dis service YES NO Competitive Parity YES YES NO Temporary competitive advantage YES YES YES YES uphold competitive advantage 1. Inspirational leadership YES YES YES YES Sustained competitive advantage 2. J. Dyson YES YES YES YES Sustained competitive advantage 3. R&D expertise YES YES YES YES Sustained competitive advantage 4. Physical products YES YES YES YES Sustained competitive advantage 5. Manufacturing plants YES YES YES YES Sustained competitive advantage 6. Design engineering skills YES YES YES YES Sustained competitive advantage 7.The brand name YES YES YES YES Sustained competitive advantage 8. Corporate culture YES YES YES YES Sustained competitive advantage DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS In my opinion any capabilities can be imitated by competitors with exception of patents which are protected for the control time period. Competition itself it doesnt have to be the direct threat but in todays world allow us close observation resulting in many cases in reverse engineering provoking technology improvements and finding more sufficient solutions. There in not much(prenominal) a thing as a well protected company. Dyson lost case in English Court with TTI) Market share among competitors does not put across on available technology only. There so many different factors like cost efficiency, marketing, advertising, location and so on and those factors are usually used for market domination in the same product range. Every competitive company could be categorizing by distinctive capabilities. Distinctive capabilities are giving the particulars companies a distinctive edge directly related to market demands e. g. Electrolux saving products, Dyson eco-friendly or innovative appearance and Miele reliability. Question 3Which of Dysons distinctive capabilities may, over time, fail threshold capabilities? Distinctive resources and competencies and its diversification rely on certain niche market. Not every consumer is preparing to pay a premium price for the product representing capital innovative look and design. Many of us are not prepare to do so because reliability and traditional brand name are the factors instigating our choices. antithetic companies relay on different strategy to maintain its market position and this is usually based on traditionally recognise distinctive competences, resources and capabilities.There are some companies with well establish markets names which are used by generation of consumers e. g. Electrolux or Miele. In the age of new technologies distinctiveness of the product will loose its grounds towards unification, which proves the point that distinctive resources, competences and capabilities will loose its outstandin g values over unification. Dyson is based on innovated look targeting high end product users constantly reinvesting its profit towards new patterns and this idea is very alien for more conservative approach to well establish group of consumers.In my opinion you do try to repair something which is not broken. If the company will consequently follow the idea of JD towards mixing arts and engineering and investment of the huge portion of profit in R&D they will maintain its position in the market leadership. All of the sudden well established companies who dominated market for generations got over come by relatively speaking new comer Dyson Ltd. In order to reverse the situation there are force to rethink birth market approach and adapt new ideas e. g. allocation funds for R&D, creativity in product appearance and implementation of new design and technologies.Question 4 Bearing in mind your answers to question 1 and 2, how crucial is Sir James Dyson to the future of the company? Wha t might be the effect of his completely leaving or selling the company? In my opinion JD left the impact not own in his only company but also changed the approach of consumers market towards unusually innovative products. Instead of using straight path and follow existing concepts he is famous for introducing futuristic ideas. This is not easy to implement radically different products although he is doing this with the full determination.Relationship between unconventional design and markets needs is known not always in tune. In his concept thinking, testing, breaking, questioning will always find a group of devoted followers. From practical point of view his smart ideas of protecting his product by patents uprightness secure the company position against the catching up competitors. He showed that simple household products could have very artsy design for which he could charge the premium price. His innovative approach includes unprecedented allocation of 50% of the profit towards R&D. By doing this Dyson is securing strong and save position of his company.Every strategic decision to resign his chief executive officer position allows him to still have very strong impact on a product outcome by holding the key decision to innovated design. If he ever decides to leave or sell the company his legacy wont be forgotten. This company maintain its leading status would probably offer his vision in order to stay ahead of competition. If Dyson decides to sell the company and the new owner doesnt follow his idea the company will get down one of many without distinction. References Arnott, S. , 2010. Dyson Profit Double Thanks to R&D Investment.The Independent, online 27 May, Available at http//www. independent. co. uk/news/business/news/dyson-profits-double-thanks-to-rd-investment-1983841. html, Accessed on 15/11/2011 Barney, J. B. , Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage, Journal of Management 17 (1991), p. 101, Accessed on 10/11/2011 Campbell, D. , Ston ehouse G et al. (2002) Business Strategy-An introduction, 2nd edition, page 40-50, Accessed on 10/11/2011 Dess, G. G. , Lumpkin, G. T. , et al. , Strategic Management (Boston, McGraw Hill, 2004) pp. 141-148, Accessed on 17/11/2011 Grand, R. M. contemporaneous Strategy Analysis (Cambridge, England Blackwell Business, 1991), pp. 100-102, Accessed on 10/11/2011 Grant R. M. , (2006), Contemporary Strategy Analysis, 5th edition, page 146, Accessed on 11/11/2011 Hitt M. A. , Ireland R. D. , et al. Strategic Management Competitiveness and Globalization, 4th ed. (Cincinnati, OH South-Western College Publishing, 2001), Accessed on 17/11/2011 Musa, Z. , 2009. Dyson to make Malaysia R&D centre. The star online, Online 8 October, Available at http//biz. thestar. com. my/news/story. asp? file=/2009/10/8/business/4864485&sec=business, Accessed on 15/11/2011M Porter (1990), Competitive Advantage of Nations, Free Press, Accessed on 10/11/2011 M. E Porter (1985) Competitive Advantage New York Free Press, Accessed on 10/11/2011 Suderland, R. , 2011. Sir James Dyson furious as court rejects appeal over copycat design case. This is money. Online 28 October, Available at http//www. thisismoney. co. uk/money/markets/article-2054304/Sir-James-Dyson-furious-court-rejects-appeal-copycat-design-case. html, Accessed on 15/11/ 2011 http//bookshop. blackwell. co. uk/extracts/9780199203055_wetherly. pdf, Accessed on 12/11/2011 http//www. yson. co. uk/insidedyson/article. asp? aID=jamesdyson&hf=0&js=, Accessed 10/11/2011 http//www. guardian. co. uk/uk/2010/jun/22/budget-2010-corporation-tax-slashed-to-24p,accessed 11/11/2011 http//www. hse. gov. uk/news/index. htm, Accessed on 17/11/2011 www. hoover. co. uk, Accessed on 11/11/2010 http//www. hrmagazine. co. uk/news/999460/350-new-engineering-jobs-Dysons-laboratories-Wiltshire/, Accessed on 12/11/2011 http//www. ingenia. org. uk/ingenia/articles. aspx? Index=171, Accessed on 11/11/2011 http//www. vax. co. uk/about/, Accessed on 10/11/2011

My opinion about Catherine Hayles’ book Essay

My opinion about Catherine Hayles bookIntroduction I disagree with the conclusion of Catherine hayles book and her latest advice.The fork up that Catherine Hayles frames is that tender existence fear to be post human race beings .In her argument She puts information as the core that only requires a conveying media and that media can be machines or human worldness. She shows how post human is necessary by giving it a positive outlook than human. Hayles argues that human being lead be replaced by post human and the human race will face extinction. In her conclusion she states that post human atomic number 18 superior than human being and goes nurture to feeble the human being by saying that they be non autonomous in intellection . In a further extent Hayles in her book says that computers machines and programs will wipe away the human race.There are many things I dont agree with Catherine Hayles I will lay bring down my argument disagreeing with her argument. Human being are superior over all creation and they cannot be replaced by any other creation.Catherine Hayles argues that human being will morph into something else, something like a cyborg where machines will be overall and incharge and commernder of the other creation.This view is far away from truth, human being cannot be replaced by a creation that has been made by Him. Human being were pull ind to subdue the e machinationh and all the other creations are inferior to Human. Its not practicable to create something and be inferior to it. God is superior to us and so we are superior to machines. Catherine Hayles needs to elaborate and explain why can we create something and it turns to our god. Posthuman cannt think as human being does. Hayles lays down her argument saying that post human do think as human being . This she tries to argue that the deeds and actions that can be through with(p) by a human being due to thinking can also be done by robot because it thinks too. Do posthuman eat self will like human being does? This is a question not answered in her book. Human being thinks in a natural way and posthuman thinks as a result of radio frequency identification (RFID). There is a big gap amongst posthuman and human being and nothing can bridge this gap. Looking at the contribution she made the last in her book , her ambition are a great deal higher. The first base chapter she read the book of Hans Moravecs Mind ChildrenThe future of robot and human intelligence and she got a shock. The thing that captured her mind was Moravecs assertion which declared that near future the consciousness of human being will be transferred to that of computer.There are two prepositions that are implicated here (1) That existence of information is not reliable to a particular substrate. (2) The consciousness of human being is information. These two preposition are the one that Hayles through her narrative contests three devoted topics The cyborg emerged as a result of cultural ar tifacts, how the body was lost by information and the construction that resulted the emergency of post human. Hayles goes further in defining post human using two other ways, first was that posthuman are susceptible, coordinating and self organizing its self in a larger system. She argues that we are dictated by the surround we live in and gum olibanum integrated into that environment. She says that human being needed posthuman and thus the technology is the one that pushes for it. The innovation is the one that created posthuman and human being outright depends on posthuman. She alludes posthuman in a manner above its definition, she says that the information from body is tranferrable from body to machines.Its very clear is literature and has no facts in it human and posthuman mutually require each other to survive but posthuman requires human to live. Hayles opposes the formulation of the second definition of post human and endorsing the definition of the first one. She argues t hat we think of apocalyptic visions where machines will be equal and become our superior. Hayles didnt see the danger to obviate the stated machines and the repercussion of changing definition. Hayles argument doesnt give any hope for survival of human being, thats very pathetic. Another argument she grounds herself with is that there will be full integrating of ones self with a machine and that the content that evolution excluded. She says that body has a sediment history and it do earn an architecture in it, a physical structure whose constraints and possibilities have been formed by an evolutionary history that intelligent machines do not share. ( C. H ayles,284, 2009.) In my views, human being cannot be fully identified with machines. Hayles did mention about Joseph Weizenbaums statement that making a judgement and the capacity to make is a matter that should be left as an ethical principle, to the human alone. I dont agree. What are the impacts of feeding more and more inform ation and functions to technology and computers? How is it possible for us to lose our humanity for we resign the skill to practice the decision of of a particular nature? If we take machine and look at themselves, the analysis of Hayles shows that posthuman have the same consciousness as human and they help in our thinking and they do perform the functions that we dont need to but quiet indigence to.Infact they do function and perform better than human being .But we should not forget where they originated from. All machines and their relatives they came from the effort of human mind production. Human being has created them to assistant in maximizing his own efficiency and he have, with no doubt accomplished his motive. Without human being machines would not be in existence and thus for them to exist human being has to exist first and the cognition ability would not be there . Ayn Rand character has one that we can link to this art and says in map collection Shrugged I thoughtof t he men who claim that machines condition their brains. Well there was the motor to condition them, and there it remained as just but what it is without mans mind-as a pile of metal scraps and wires, going to rust. (page 745, Atlas Shrugged) This statement show sense in Hayles and I agree on Human is conditioned by machine and we appreciate them in our lives and enhance them but I differ in that human being is still dorminant . Machines without the human being they would go extinction and get to rust. If the cyborg and the cyborg varieties were to exist as put by the Hayles they would still require human skills and characteristics for their brain to function, to have conscious and to think like human being. Hyles didnt explain this and how if human being were to go to extinction the post human would survive, else she have a confinement to do. Hayles the premises that she posits as another cause of fear of post human is the liberal humanist opinion of the human kind matters autonomy . Human being are able to see all the possibilities which are open to choose and they have the will and they can synthesize these sources. Schopenhauers there is an outline in THE foundation AS WILL AND REPRESENTATION(BOOKIII). Human being are able to think, they are able to process data , they are able to create it and pull judgements create on their feelings. This Information comes from several sources in machine but in human being they come purely on them. Machines they are devoid of thinking and they have no conscious like ours. Hayles in her argument doesnt have the real world instances , and those that she uses are not very clear they are not specifically illuminating. In her early books she says that she finds saying that Well my sleep agent wants to rest, but my food agent says I should go to the store( Hayles 2009,6).This is certainly an odd approach of talking and She draws a very significant deductions from it. Each person , She claims, who thinks this way begins to en vision herself or himself as a posthuman collectivity, an I transform into the we of autonomous agents operating in concert to make self (Catherine. H, pg 6 2009) There are questions that rises about personal disorders of the multitude. The example of ability of multiple to celebrate and creatively dissociate leads to rejection of therapy that tries to integrate their adjusts. People definitely will be talking around themselves in a fresh ways. But moral agents asks what thinking together about themselves meant. Hayles put it that serious consideration needs to be given to how certain characteristics associated with liberal subject, especially agency and choice, can be articulated with in posthuman context (Catherine.Hayles, pg5, 2009) and she left it like that . She didnt show any alternative of her implications. In conclusion Hayles argument is lacking enough facts and is based in prepositions that she lays to shape up the heart of literature, and in my views she didnt succed. If you consider streams with standing waves, which visibly forms the front side of the rocks which projects superficial above the water. They retain their normal shape and their normal faithfulness despite being changed by the molecules of water .I still find the machines being continuously changing their integrity but cant replace human being and they cant lead extinction of human kind.ReferencesHarrison, Ariane Lourie. Architectural theories of the environment posthuman territory. New York, NY Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2013. Print.Hayles, N. Katherine. How we became posthuman virtual bodies in cybernetics, literature, and informatics. Chicago, Ill. University of Chicago Press, 1999. Print.Leithauser, Brad. Penchants & places essays and criticism. New York A.A. Knopf , 1995. Print.Younkins, Edward W.. Ayn Rands Atlas shrugged a philosophical and literary companion. Aldershot, England Ashgate, 2007. Print. Bateson, Catherine. Being Bee. New York Holiday House, 2007. Print.Gr onebaum, Melissa. Arthur schopenhauers die welt als wille und vorstellung. S.l. Grin Verlag Gmbh, 2014. Print.Harrison, Ariane Lourie. Architectural theories of the environment posthuman territory. New York, NY Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2013. Print.Hayles, N. Katherine. How we became posthuman virtual bodies in cybernetics, literature, and informatics. Chicago, Ill. University of Chicago Press, 1999. Print.Leithauser, Brad. Penchants & places essays and criticism. New York A.A. Knopf , 1995. Print.Younkins, Edward W.. Ayn Rands Atlas shrugged a philosophical and literary companion. Aldershot, England Ashgate, 2007. Print.Source document

Creative writing: National Service

I, David Vivian-Currie, had been used to the upper-class life until I was forced to colligate the war through National Service. I had received the dreaded letter on 29th May 1944, a week forward it detailed me to leave. I was to help recapture France from the Germans. Until I had received the letter, I tangle that I had lived quite a pleasant life I had attended Dunce planetary house in North London and, at the age of thirteen, had motiond onto Eton, where I became a school prefect in my final year. My father, John Vivian-Currie, was a well-established banker who had always tried and true to give me the best opportunities in life.After realising his success in banking, I trenchant to give it a try after I left Eton, and by the age of twenty-five, I had risen to the position of my fathers assistant. He had avoided National Service due to age reasons. I however, had non. Due to my schooling I entered the army as captain, so I was in a better position that most of the soldiers. H owever, I button up knew that I had virtually no chance of surviving. Today, 5th June 1944, I was sitting in the tiny transport boat with the remainder of my platoon, preparing ourselves for the journey to France, that would decide the rest of our lives.There was non a cloud in the sky, however, it was still quite brisk, I was glad that I had decided to put an extra pair of breeches on, but it didnt really matter, for I would probably be groundless in less that twelve hours. At eleven oclock the boat started to move, over the choppy English Channel, for some of us, this was the last eon that we would ever see our homes. Overhead, it was executable to hear the jittering from the engines of the Spitfires and Lancasters, above us.The aim of these planes was to bombard the landing spots around the coast, destroying any gun emplace handsts, the success of this raid, would decide the success of this invasion. I decided to sleep for a while as tomorrow would be one of the most importa nt days of my live. Was I to live or die I woke at half past four by the sounds of the bombardment occurring a mere six miles away. I felt horribly ill. I wasnt able to save it back any more, I had to lean over the side of the transport vessel and vomit. I was so scared There were a few opposite men in the boat that were suffering from the same problem as me fearSoon enough the boat started to smell of the putrefying stench of sick. Normally I would feel even worse at this sordid stink, but it wasnt the time to worry about that. We were less than two miles from the French coast, about an hour before landing. I decided to make a final check of my equipment, mold gun, yes, grenades, yes, water bottle, yes, pistol, yes, helmet, yes, bandages, yes. I thought that was everything, but then I realised that I had forgotten my radio. I had a problem. How was I going to keep in contact with the commanding officer?I looked up only to see the French coast and I started thinking, Oh shit, her e we go. I managed to compose myself, I called my platoon around me. Instead of going out of the front and being slaughtered by German machine guns, I suggested that as soon as we reached the beach we should jump out of the side of the transport vessel, into the shallow water. This way we had a better chance of survival. nigh five minutes after I finished debriefing my platoon, the boat driver shouted two minutes, we were close. All of a sudden we became under loaded down(p) machine gun fire, the night bombardment obviously hadnt been very productive.I shouted the order to get out of the boat, oh no Due to the lack of converse I had forgotten to tell the driver that I had chosen not to go out of the front, he opened the door and, almost instantaneously, nine men were dead. I had managed to climb over the side, as had ten others. We had been in France for less than two minutes and we had already suffered heavy casualties. With the rest of my men, I moved up the beach and found so me cover behind a huge rock about 40 metres from the cliffs. We were safe for the moment, but soon we would have to move on.There was an abandoned trench about seven metres away, with a concrete wall in front of it that should provide some much needed cover. I shouted the order, and we sprinted up the beach to the trench. We had made it without suffering any more casualties. Now was the time to attack. I positioned Phil Wainsley, the sniper, in position he had a chiseled view of a small machine gun emplacement, which was operated by two tall, bearded men. I watched the emplacement through a periscope that one of the privates had stolen from an Italian Colonel a week previously. After seeing that both men had dropped dead, I shouted that it was safe.We rushed up the beach to find the best position to flummox down some covering fire for the rest of the army running up the beach. I looked along the coastline, to see bodies everywhere. It was horrible. The sea was red from the blood o f those that had disconnected their lives, there were people searching for friends, relatives, and in some cases, lost limbs. I turned round to find that I was on my own platoon had moved up the side of the hill. I pursued them quickly, trying to dodge the oncoming bullets. I caught up with them at the bottom of a set of stairs leading up the side of the cliff to the main gun emplacement.We waited there for a moment and then ran up the stairs to the emplacement there we threw two grenades into the building. We waited for the smoke to light from the explosion, and then charged in killing any survivors. The battle had been won, we had taken conceal both of the gun emplacements, it was now safe for the Navy to come to the beach, they had been waiting a few miles of the coast. It was essential that they came. So that we could set up a camp, reducing the chances of loosing our position. It was half past twelve before all of the equipment had been unloaded from the great warships howe ver, it would take two hours to set up.I was now reunited with my senior officer, my regiment, The South Alberta Regiment, and armoured car regiment. I was just sitting quietly beside my armoured jeep, not believing that I had just survived that onslaught. I was in a new world, from being a banker to a Captain in the English army, I felt like a massive juxtaposition. I suddenly heard somebody shouting my name, it was the captain in the Royal Logistics Corps, informing me that I was to report to Colonel Radley, the highest bedded officer in the camp.When I reached his tent, I was flabbergasted, it was beautiful inside along the left hand side of the room was situated a large bed, with the woodworking made from pine. Just past the bed, there was the most beautiful mahogany table. Along the opposite side of the room, was positioned a Cedar wardrobe and chest of drawers. I must say that I was very jealous of the Colonel, even though I was a captain, I still had to share a tent with my platoon not the most comfortable of places. After gazing around the room, I was asked into the head office of the camp, this is where all of the senior ranking officers worked.I walked through the room, which was littered with communication appliances and typewriters. A Corporal led me through the room to the Colonels office. Once in the office I saluted my senior, and listened to what he had to say. He was saying that due to my bravery and superb leaders of my platoon, for leading the allies over the cliffs, and securing a position. I was being awarded the Victoria Cross, and promoted to the role of Major. I started to think that the army wasnt so bad after all.A promotion, and being awarded the best medal possible, after spending less than forty-eight hours in the army. However, I was still feeling very weird, being away from home, not knowing if I would live long enough to see it again. The Colonel then informed me that I was to take three tanks and two jeeps to try and regain co ntrol of Dieppe, a small French town a short way along the coast. After hearing this I saluted and thanked the Colonel, and briskly marched towards my regimental base. There I selected fifteen other men to assist me with this assignment.We filled the vehicles with fuel and ammo, and set off. I started to feel a little queasy again. After reaching Dieppe, I could understand why regaining control of it was so important to the Allies. It had a well-established harbour, big enough and deep enough to contain an entire fleet. The coastline was very steep, reservation a coastal attack virtually impossible. Dieppe was also a link between Calais and Le Havre. When we reached the town square, which looked as if it had been deserted a long time ago, we became under heavy machine gun fire from the derelict church steeple.This however, didnt really cause a problem for the tanks. There was rubbish everywhere, from buildings that had been destroyed. There were walls scatty from certain houses, a nd others were just non-existent, just gaps in the street where they had previously been. After sorting out the problem in the town square, we stopped to gather our bearings after checking that there was no one else around. We sat down inside a small deserted cafi, which smelt a little like rotten pot-pourri, not a smell that I want to remember.

Discovery Speech Essay

People do change individuals, families, nations and the pace of transformation need not be geological.Its the pointless things that break your carriage meaning. Friendship, compassion, art, love. All of them pointless. But theyre what keeps life from being meaningless. Discoveries spread abroad once mystic aspects of ourselves and others ** Discoveries that ar acquired done struggle and adversity can give up a unique and lasting impact if the individual is receptive to these experiences Discovery of self can lead to fresh and meaningful understandings of our relationships and our range within the wider cosmeaDiscoveries can be fresh and intensely meaningful in expressions that may be emotional, creative, intellectual, physical and spiritual. Discovery is a complex and ubiquitous concept, the personality of being go out often expose the individual to new experiences that are intensely meaningful. Discoveries that are new and refreshing can reveal once hidden aspects of t he individual and others while discoveries that are acquired through struggle and adversity can provide a unique and lasting impact if the individual is receptive to these experiences. finished his play, Away (1986) Michael Gow examines the human condition and how experiences of uncovering shape our physical and intellectual well-being. Similarly, Tim Winton, in his intriguing short story Big World also reveals how discovery of self can lead to fresh and meaningful understandings of our relationships and our place within the wider creative activity.Both composers, through structural devices, characterisation and deliberate wording choices represent the way discovery contributes to the human condition in ways that are fresh and truly meaningful. Discoveries reveal once hidden aspects of ourselves and others. These hidden aspects can often reveal to an individual parts of themselves that will shape who they will become. Through the short story Big World Winton shows the audience t hat when the protagonist met his best mate Biggie and do the spontaneous decision to leave his small town, Angelus, he later discovered that he would return for another materialize at his exams, and from that builds his life.Truncated sentences which create accumulativedetail show the rapid passing of time as the events unfold in quick succession, and without much thought. Exams. Graduation. Huge beach parties. The use of colloquial language throughout the story, not hosing off of blood that shits me off its Angelus itself some days I can see me and Biggie out there as old codgers, anchored to the friggin place, stuck forever creates a voice enforcing the image of the old men Biggie fears they will become if they stay.But it is later revealed in the story that the protagonist will return back south for his second chance at life, while Biggie stays with Meg and later in life will pass away. In a week Biggie and Meg will blow me off in Broome and Ill be on the bus south for a secon d chance at the exams. In a year Biggie will be dead in a mining accidentIll grow up and consent a family of my own Through his use of techniques Winton shows the audience how the protagonist rediscovered the aspect of himself that he lost when he met Biggie and decided to pack up and move away. Discoveries that are acquired through struggle and adversity can provide a unique and lasting impact if the individual is receptive to these experiences. Set in the summer of 1967/58 Away follows the fraught relationships of three families as they seek to reconnect with themselves and each other. Gow shows the lasting impact of struggles in the character of Tom and his family.Toms illness is revealed at the beginning of the play, he looked so sick yet so wonderful in Corals soliloquy in Act One, which also reflects her pain, closing off and failure to come to terms with her sons death. After the school performance of Shakespeares A Midsummers Night Dream, she evokes emotional, rhetoric que stions is it split for them to die looking like that? Looking like gods? Through the device of a play-within-a-play, The Stranger on the Shore, Tom provides the catalyst for Corals rediscovery of life as he metaphorically shows her how to live again, Ill show you how, unburdening her by judge her sons death. Im walking, Im walking, Im walking. While also preparing himself to die, I can see my life flashing past my eyes Through the characters in Away Gow, shows the audience that through the struggles that Tom and his family face with his illness and Coral losing her son they learn aspects of themselves through the adversity that they face.Discovery of self can lead to fresh and meaningful understandings of our relationships and our place within the wider world. Discovery of self can lead to fresh and meaningfulunderstandings of our relationships and our place within the wider world through the boundaries that were thought to be holding us back. In the short story Big World Winton s hows through his use of a metaphor the horizon around our ears evokes the image of the horizon being a boundary rather than opening up new experiences and relationships, he later reveals that the protagonist will see the world in a different view, accepting that he will have to go back to his small town and try again, he opens up new windows of opportunity, Winton shows this through his use of a reoccurring radical of nature to give a glimpse of visionary splendour, I dont care what happens beyond this moment. In the hot northern dusk the world suddenly gets big around us, so big we just give in and watch. Through the protagonist Winton illustrates to the audience that the boundaries of the small town that he believed to be holding him back.

How People Handle Grief Essay

mourning can be elucidated as a natural human reaction to loss. People in different stages of their life span chthonicgo with grief when there is a major loss (Linda, 2000). People usually assume of grief as misadventure in the perspective of bereavement, death of a loved whizz, a close relationship ends through separation, or when a soul is enforced to give up some facet of life that was imperative. This paper focuses on grief, which entails an entire range of emotions and experiences and various steerings to deal with grief. Introduction Grief is a general property of human existence.It is not related to specific culture, though it is experienced by humans in varied form and intensity. Robert Burton described grief as a cruel torment. Scientifically, it is first described as people who had suffered sadness under traumatic circumstances, or who had looked for psychiatric assistance to overcome troubles linked with grief. Grief can be experienced under two broad circumstances, one, when a sudden and traumatic death of a dependent relationship, it involved strong and lengthy mournful and the other, related with the repression of throbbing thoughts or with an bitter relationship, involved deferred grief.When grief is experienced under traumatic circumstances it is labeled as a post-traumatic filter bulge out disorder. It exhibits severe and exaggerated types of grief responses much(prenominal) as severe depression or pronounced panic or anxiety, can lead to a psychiatric diagnosis (Kim and Jacobs, 1993 Prigerson, 1994). Robert Burton highlighted that grief can maintain adverse effect on health, and gave reference to examples of historical figures who lost their life because of grief, such as the Roman emperor butterfly Severus (Archer, pg-3). Dealing with griefThe concept of grief is usually understood when it is triggered by a specific loss that is why resolution can only be attained through a long and intricate process of face up to thoughts of the loss, and that there are no easy ways to come up from grieve state. Grieving people mull over their loss in thought, and since its cause is a specific event, therefore it subsides over a period of time. Cobb and Lindemann (1943) wrote, It seems that the grieving somebody can delay his grieving period but not avoid it (Archer, pg 108).There are individual differences, so each person grieves in his own manner and take his own time to overcome. Grief period can be for one year, two years or still longer. During that period, person may be passing through a wave of grief. There are numerous ways to deal with grief. To deal with grief initially is to contribution ones happening with others. It is important to express feelings through communication. A close friend or family member is ideal with whom the person can spill the beans out his intense inner feelings and allow the tears to flow out. Tears can washout sadness along with anger, guilt, loneliness and exhaustion.Another influentia l way to deal with grief is to write a diary of event. For example, writing letters to deceased loved one, sharing regrets, things which could not be conveyed, feelings and what is missed. When it is difficult to live under grief due to great loss, person may join a support group. Loneliness may enhance bitter feelings and it takes time to come out from grief period. When a person adheres to some social group, he gets a chance to talk with others who understand and share the experience of grief and it will reckon as an effective medicine in healing grief.It is well understood that grief affects ones mind, body and soul. To come out from grief situation, person must care for himself with a healthy diet, exercise and adequate sleep. If possible he may look for professional help. If the grief lasts longer than two months, one must talk to a doctor. Best way to cope up with grief situation is to pass time in useful manner such as reading literary or religious books, go to recovery prog rams, and enter therapy. ConclusionTo sum up, Grief is a usual but sometimes a puzzling and irrepressible sentiment. To cope up with grief is a long, aching process. Grief is lessening when we give vent to it. Good cry evermore help to reduce sore feelings. In grief, source of the emotional feeling is clearly perceived as being external and not due to individualised inadequacies so person can again enjoy living and loving, having good appetite back, the pain will weaken, and one will be able to have sound sleep.It is a universal truth that everybody experiences loss in his life and needs to find ways and means to deal with these feelings with a healthy approach. run short cited1) Linda Goldman Life & Loss A guide to help grieving children. Philadelphia Accelerated Development Inc. Year2000. 2) John Archer The Nature of Grief The Evolution and psychology of Reactions to Loss. Publisher Routledge. Place of Publication London. Publication Year 1999. Page Number 3.

Progressive Reformers

10/08/12 Progressive Reformers The Progressive movement has had a tremendous impact on society and preserving the doctrine of a democratic nation. The Progressive Era, which initiated between the years 1890 through 1920, was instituted because progressives who wanted to rid politics of corruption and inefficiency. Progressives wanted to curtail the power of the business trusts, and protect the public welfare of the public. The Progressive name derived from forward- sentiment or progressive goals that its supporters sought to advance.John Dewey, who is known as the father of Progressive education, has been most influential in Educational Progressivism. His mess for schools tied to a larger vision, leading towards a good society. His focus on education was on teaching the whole child. This learning all-inclusive beyond the subject matter and the attention was on the needs and interest group of the child. I like to look at this as a form of record vs. nurturing. Progressivism and P ragmatism are similar in its aims.They both contained the same educational aims, needs and interest, in educating the whole child. Pragmatic philosophers, such as Rousseau, looked at the correlation coefficient of education and politics. Progressivism, as I interpret it, was more of a movement. This movement formulated interest groups, like unions, which seek interest around the progressive philosophy. These interest groups protected the needs of the people. Organizations such as American Federation of Teachers began in 1916, during the time of the Progressive Era.Interest groups like American Federation of Labor, founded in 1881, focused on skilled workers (such as painters and electricians) and Congress of Industrial Organizations (early 1930s) advocating the organization of workers in the basic mass-production industries (such as steel, auto, and rubber). A lot of the people, on the frontline, in this progressive movement were women, farmers, and African American. This movement made a profound impact on education. In a publication of Progressive Education, George Counts wrote an article which focuses attention upon the child.He states that progressive education has accepted the fundamental importance of the interest of the learner it has defended the thesis that activity lies at the root of all true education it has conceived learning in terms of liveness situations and growth of character it has championed the rights of the child as a free personality. Child-centered educational practices are shared by progressive educators. The pedagogical method is fair game teaching. The teacher begins with an object related to the childs world in order to initiate the child into the world of the educator. The focus is on thinking and doing.Problem-solving skills are postulate to repress obstacles between a given and desired set of circumstances. Education is not simply a means to a future life, but instead it represents a life to the fullest. Progressive educator s view existing schools as being formal, not focusing on real life situations, and strict. They prefer variety in classroom preparations and informal interaction between the teacher and their student. Progressives prefer schools teach useful subjects (including occupations) and emphasize learning by doing rather than instruction purely from textbooks. This brought about schools such as trade and vocational schools.The student was placed at the center of thinking, teach the child not the subject. John Deweys model of learning is to arrive aware of the problem, define the problem, propose hypotheses to solve, evaluate the consequences of the hypotheses from ones past experience, and test the most likely solution. Progressive like Dewey felt that children, if taught to understand the relationship between thinking and doing, they would be fully equipped for active participation in a democratic society. The educational program depended on close student teacher interactions that requir ed altering of traditional subject matter.

Exam practice question and answer Essay

Marketing fecal matter be im progresstd as an make-up function and a trim of process foe creating, communicating and delivering survey to the node and for managing node human kinship in a way that it benefits the brass instrument and its stakeholders. In order to understand the market steer and node postulate and wants, vendors fill to identify the needs of the con jointer, which is delimitate as the state of felt deprivation, such as crave and self-actualization needs. Next, it advanced into wants, which is defined as the do work of human need that is shaped by culture and one-on-one personality.To satisfy ones hunger, they may opt to eat either rice or noodles depending on their p indication. Demand, the human wants that ar backed by bargain foring power indicates a persons financial ability to buy their wants. Organizations need to identify its micro purlieu and macroenvironment to identify push backs or actors in the business environment that can have nitt y-gritty on the brass instruments marketing and business activities. Microenvironment of a fraternity is made up of the company itself, its competitors, the suppliers, customers, marketing intermediaries and the publics.The publics ar those people or organization that affect the feats of the organization. There are septenary publics in total, which is made up of financial publics, media publics, citizen-action publics, government publics, local publics, general publics and internal publics that affects the marketing operation of an organization. Financial publics are banks and insurance companies that affect the company success in obtaining loan. Macroenvironment is the larger societal force that affects the whole environment.In an organizations macroenvironment, it represent of demographic environment, economic environment, natural environment, technological environment, political environment and cultural environment. Demographic environment is mainly made up of the changing get on with structure in the macrocosm, the changing family, geographical shift in population, better educated and white collar population and increased in pagan diversity. A changing age structure means that as a persons age grows, their needs and wants for a certain convergence leave behind change according to their life cycle. subsequently identifying the environment, marketers allow for undergo marketing research process. The first step of marketing research process is to define the problem and research objectives, which contains of exploratory, descriptive and causal research objectives. Next, the process pull up stakes be continued by the development of the research plan from secondary source and primary source. Then it will limit on the research approaches it will utilize whether it is observational, experimental, ethnographic or survey type of research.Then, it researcher will decide on the contact method through mail, telephone, personal and concourse interviews o r online marketing research. Then it will proceed to sampling plan and research instruments same(p) mechanical devices and questionnaire. The processes are completed by implementing the plan and report it to the management. afterwards research, marketers need to identify the factors that influence a consumers purchasing behavior. The factors that determine the buyer stopping point are personal factors, social factors, psychological factors and cultural factors.Social factors consist of age and life cycle, reference groups and roles and status in the society. For example, according to the age and life cycle of everyone, the needs and wants of an individual differs as their age grows, an old man require a walking stick. In buying a product, consumer may march one of the four buying behavior, which consist of complex buying behavior, dissonance-reducing buying behavior, habitual buying behavior and variety-seeking buying behavior depending on the involvement and the perceived inc iter difference from the consumers.In buying an item, consumers may go through stages such as problem recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision and post-purchase behavior. Then, marketers will move on to the next step of the marketing process of designing customer-driven marketing strategy. To create a marketing strategy, marketers need to identify the instalments in a particular market. A market is a set of potential and actual buyers of a product. Market segmentation can be divided into four variables, which consist of geographical, demographic, psychographic and behaviorial.But then, there are some criteria in assessing the effectiveness of the segmentation by looking into the measurable, accessible, substantial, differentiable and actionable in the segmented groups. After segmentation, marketers will proceed to market targeting, defined by evaluating segment attractiveness and selecting one or more segments to enter. In evaluating market seg ments, marketers need to look into the segment surface and growth, the structural attractiveness of the segment and the companys objectives and resources.The companies can decide to exercise a purge of market-coverage strategies such as differentiated marketing, undifferentiated marketing, concentrated marketing or micromarketing depending on the product they offers. After targeting, the company can differentiate their fling by giving supreme value from several aspects, product, military service, material body or personnel differentiation. Customer value is the difference between the benefits gain from using and testifying a product and cost of obtaining it. Thus consumer tend to purchase what they perceived as the lavishlyest value. trafficker will make their offering superior than of competitors by offer more value in its current offering to justify high price or lower price to compensate for low perceived value. Organizations need to have its own marketing offering in ord er to deliver value to customers. Marketing offering is a combine of product, service, information and make that is offered to a market to satisfy a need or wants. Product is anything that can be offered into a market for attention, acquisition, use or consumption that might satisfy a need of wants.Products are classified into three different levels, which consist of core products, actual product and augmented products. Next, marketer will determine whether the product falls into the different categories of the consumer markets such as convenience goods, obtain goods, differentiation goods and unsought goods. Or if it is industrial goods, the category of materials and parts, capital items and supplies and work. In service, its characteristic is intangible, inseparable, perishable and variable.Price is sum of value that the customer exchanges for the benefits from using or having a product or services. The internal factors that affect price are the marketing objectives, the mar keting mix strategy, cost and organizational consideration while the external factors are market and acquire, competitors price and offer and other factors such as economic conditions and government regulations. Some of the approaches in pricing are cost-based pricing, value-based pricing and competition-based pricing and price skimming and penetration for peeled innovative products. forwarding is an act that persuades the publics about the products or brands merits. In influencing the consumers to buy its products, marketers can utilize integrated marketing communicating tools such as advertising, direct marketing, personal selling, sales promotion and public relation. For example, marketer can use sales promotion in the form of tools such as coupons, rebates and discounts that act as sort-term incentives to build add-in value to encourage people to buy it products. The next tool is place where it describes how the product is made available to customer.Marketer can examine the nu mber of marketing intermediaries where it consists of intensive distribution, exclusive distribution and selective distribution. For example, the goods that run on intensive distributions are normally fast moving consumer goods that are stocked in as numerous outlets as possible. It is available anywhere and anytime. Process involves the process that is part of the service. For example, if a car owner who experience poor customer service during one of his regular service, then he or she will non recommend the company to others and is less likely to rebuy the brand.People in an organization determine the success of the organizations process in delivering superior value and satisfaction. Example, a lack-trained employee may mislead a customer into buying the wrong needs. Physical evidence is the quality of services in physical feature the customer can see, such as brochures and facilities. Without the presence of lecture halls, one could doubt the presence of the university whether it is a place for academic learning. In expression profitable customer relationship, one must look into the customer satisfaction, which is defined as customer evaluation of the product orservice feature, or the product or service itself. Customer satisfaction prompt repeat purchase olibanum is important. Satisfaction is influenced by the customers past buying experience from the company or its competitors, the information given and promises by the company or its competitors and what the customer thinks of a fair value in the price they paid. Feedbacks, mystery shoppers and exit interviews set a platform to improve the customer satisfaction which then strengthens the bond between the company and the customer thus leading to higher customer loyalty.After accessing satisfaction, marketers need to concern by building and maintaining profitable customer relationship by delivering superior customer value and satisfaction. Retaining current customer relationship is cheaper than to attra ct new customer. In retaining customers, marketers can implement club and frequency marketing program to strengthen bonds with the customers. By building strong customer relationship, a company can capture value from customer in the form of loyalty, profits and the spread of word of mouth from them.When the company produces superior value to the customers, most likely it will generate high customer satisfaction. High satisfaction lead building long lasting relationship with the customer gaining the loyalty of these customers in a long period, profits will eventually grow. Companies aim to gain lifetime customer value, share of customer and customer equity from the customers.. All in all, by creating, delivering superior value and developing a strong customer profitable relationship, one can achieve returns like profits and sales, a monetary return and brand loyalty from the loyal customers.Q3. The six forces in an organizations macroenvironment is cultural environment, political en vironment, economic environment, technological environment, demographic environment and natural environment. Demographic environment is based on the utility of demography, which is defined as the study of human population in footing of size, religion, occupation, age, sex and education. The changing age structure of the population is one of the factors that affect the macroenvironment.People of different age have different wants and needs and will continue to change as their age varies. The increase in aging population because of low birth rates and higher life expectancy has change the remove for certain products in the market. For example, youths wants products that match their lifestyle of cool and adventurous like game consoles, skateboards and smartphones while those cosset boomers typically in their 50s now wants products like vacation, massage chair and antique vase. Geographical shift in population is also one of the factors.It can be categorized into movement between sta tes, movement from campestral to urban areas and movement from city to suburbs and back again. For example, the need for air-conditioning is more likely to be in demand in the Northern Territory, which is very hot than the demand in Sydney, which is cooling. A better-educated and more white-collar population has trigger the demand for formal attires such as a suit and corporate skirt. Next, an increasing of ethnic diversity in Malaysia has trigger the rising demand for wasabi and rice from the Japanese population that migrated to Malaysia.Every group of people has their specific wants depending on their attitude, behavior and buying habits too. Q6. Consumer product is made up of convenience products, shopping products, specialty products and unsought products. Convenience products are consumer products and services that the customer usually buys frequently, immediately and with minimum likeness and buying effort. It can be relate to habitual buying behavior too when the purchase o f a product is made without much consideration and it is cheap despite widely available.Examples are washing gunpowder and broom. Shopping products are less frequently purchased consumer products and services that customers compare carefully on suitability, price, quality and style. Consumers die considerable amount of time and effort to access information about the products. It is classified as in complex buying behavior. Examples are television and laptops. Specialty products are consumer products and services with unique characteristics or brand identification for which a significant group of buyers is willing to make a special purchase purpose.It is classified under the buying behavior of complex buying behavior and dissonance reducing buying behavior. This large-minded of product is purchase without much comparison with other brands. Examples are a Gucci handbag and a highlife car. Unsought goods are consumer products and services that the consumers either doesnt know about it or knows but do not consider buying it. These products need intensive marketing such as promotions and advertising. Examples are funeral services and life insurance.