Ethical Treatment of Prisoners Essay Example for Free

Ethical Treatment of Prisoners Essay Ethical Treatment of Prisoners BY MeltssaoT People in society today have rules, regulations, and guidelines to follow in order to maintain freedom, safety, structure, and self-discipline. If any of these rules are broken, there are consequences to follow. It depends on the severity of the crime on what type of punishment or consequence is given to an individual. If the crime is severe enough the individual may be deprived of their rights, freedom of movement, and sent to prison for a duration of time. If one is sent to prison then the ethical treatment of prisoners rights must be taking into consideration and analyzed. A prisoner/inmate is a person that has committed a criminal offence and depending on their criminal history he or she may be put on probation or confined to a county Jail or state penitentiary. Once an individual gets behind those block walls their lives then tend to belong to the deputies, correctional officer or warden that is employed by that facility. Within the prison system there is a division of power that exists. This power can leave feelings of powerlessness and dependency in the prisoners. We all have heard stories of correction officers using their power of authority to abuse and psychologically harm the prisoner. For example a couple of months ago in the state that I live in there was an inmate who was locked up for a minor charge of failure to appear. He was waiting for his dinner this particular evening, and the deputy almost slammed the inmate finger in the door. Of course this escalade into a verbal altercation between the two, and from there a physical fight broke out. The deputy which outweighed the inmate by over 100 pounds picked up the inmate and slammed him on his head onto a concrete floor multiple times until the inmate was unconscious. The Jailhouse officials rush this inmate to the ospital in which he went into a coma, and eventually was placed on life support. The family of this inmate was faced with a difficult situation which was either remove him from life support or leave him there to waste a away. In the end the family made the decision to remove their love one from life support, and the deputy was behind a minor criminal matter the question is did he deserve to be treated less than a human being? Did he really deserve to die? Some people might argue the fact that because he was locked up then he deserved the treatment that he got and others might voice the difference. I personally say no, because this is still a life and even though he made a mistake there should have been a correct way to go about punishment for this inmate if he really had got out of order. When law abiding citizens and correctional officers look at prisoners, it does not matter what the crime was or how severe the punishment, a prisoner is a nobody. In the United States there are many people that may agree and have strong feelings when it comes to this statement. In ethics a utilitarian may say that human beings should focus on the potential rules of an action and determine what would happen if e or she follows the rules. Utilitarian theory states the moral worth of an action should be determined specifically by its usefulness in maximizing utility and minimizing negative utility. The world as a whole has a moral code on how people should conduct themselves, on what is right and wrong. The belief of the utilitarian theory can be used in prisons to help those that really want to be rehabilitated. I am not saying that this theory will work for all, but there are some men and women that deserve another chance in life. We have to realize that everyone makes mistakes n their life, some are worse than others, but in the end everyone still deserves to be treated with dignity and respect, no matter what they may have done. I have heard stories about men that may have raped or killed a little child is sent to prison the correctional officers tend to sometime turn their heads and let the other inmates beat him or rape him until he is almost dead. I dont agree with the fact that he hurt a child but at the same time I dont think that its morally right that they allow the other inmates to Jeopardize what little bit of freedom that they may have behind hose prison walls either. The ethical solution to this is when you do have a child rapist sent to prison put those type of people in a area amongst themselves and maybe have counselors around where they can get a better understanding of this person sick mind because sometimes these people that do these type of things have had some type of trauma when they were a child. It is unethical to confine an individual to a correctional facility and expose this individual to danger. When you talk about ethics in prison, in the eyes of some that is either driving by hat facility yard every day or has never really been behind those thick masculine bars then one may say that these people are animals and they deserve to be behind those bars. Once behind those bars their life changes because they have to be told when to eat, when to sleep, when to walk and talk. If an inmate is not like by a correctional officer or if one does not follow order then they may be deprived of food or even yard time. Torture and beatings will not correct their behavior but will make them more aggressive so that choice is not the best. If any of these things should appen then this may lead to riots and in serious scenarios, killing of security guards. It is best to provide the basic needs such as food to the prisoners so that there is a harmonious reaction between the prisoner and the correction officer. The utilitarian would say that inmates should follow a morally right rule that would result in happiness in which once they are return to society they can determine what rules citizens. Learning positive rules will result to good behavior and a change of mind that life without freedom is something that one may not want to return to. In contrast..

The Significance of Brown v. Board of Education Essay -- Case Review

In 1954, the Supreme Court of the United States was confronted with the controversial Brown v. Board of Education case that challenged segregation in public education. Brown v. Board of Education was a landmark Supreme Court case because it called into question the morality and legality of racial segregation in public schools, a long-standing tradition in the Jim Crow South, and threatened to have monumental and everlasting implications for blacks and whites in America. In 1951, Oliver L. Brown, his wife Darlene, and eleven other African American parents filed a class-action lawsuit against the Board of Education of Topeka on behalf of their twenty children for denying colored children the right to attend segregated white schools and sought to change the policy of racial segregation in the school district. The plaintiffs had been working closely with the leadership of the local Topeka NAACP to overturn segregation in public schools. In the fall of 1951, the parents tried to enroll t heir children in the neighborhood school nearest to their home, but they were denied enrollment in the white schools and told to attend segregated black schools. The District Court acknowledged that segregation in public education had a harmful effect on black children, but denied the need to desegregate schools because â€Å"the physical facilities and other ‘tangible’ factors† in Topeka, Kansas were all equal (Brown v. Board of Ed, 366). The District Court ruled according to the precedent established in Plessy v. Ferguson by the Supreme Court in 1896 and upheld state laws permitting, or requiring, segregation in public education. African Americans were inspired to defy laws discriminating against colored people and engage in nonviolent actions by the ev... ...ricans hope that they would be free from discrimination and given equal opportunity in all aspects of their lives. The Brown v. Board of Education case is often noted for initiating racial integration and launching the civil rights movement. Works Cited Hoffman, Elizabeth Cobbs, Edward J. Blum, and Jon Gjerde, 3rd eds. Major Problems in American History: Volume II: Since 1865. Boston: Wadsworth, 2012. Print. Roosevelt, Franklin Delano. â€Å"4. Roosevelt Identifies the ‘Four Freedoms’ at Stake in the War, 1941.† Hoffman, Blum, and Gjerde 271-73. United Nations. â€Å"1. The United Nations Approves a Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948.† Hoffman, Blum, and Gjerde 363-65. United States Supreme Court. Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483-496 (1954). â€Å"2. The Supreme Court Rules on Brown v. Board of Education, 1954.† Hoffman, Blum, and Gjerde 365-66.

The Turn of the Screw by Henry James

Henry James is well-known for crafting fine literature. One special short piece, The Turn of the Screw, taps into a topic that received great acclaim in the era it was published: ghosts. It was initially released at the tail-end of the 19th century, and followed up with 20th century critical essays regarding this saga. Turn of the Screw was first released when actual ghost-sighting incidents were so common that they became coffee-table discussion. My focus is, in fact, on the subject of ghosts. After reading James’s work, I believe that the governess and her ghost incidents were actually a figment of her imagination, based largely on her unstable mental health. I will offer my reflections as to why our governess was tripped-up and tricked into believing she saw phantoms. The main thrust of her disillusionment came from her mental illness. The history behind The Turn of the Screw is woven to the argument between the apparition-believers and the non-apparition traditionalists. The phenomenological spirit-hunter controversy has been wide spread, even in this day and age of the 21st century. In order to stay true to Henry James, it is important to define what I mean by apparition and non-apparition. According to James’s time period—which I will be true to in my assessment—I will clarify that an apparition refers to explanations in which ghosts are seen to be very real figures or a manifestation of paranormal activity existing in a person’s field of vision. Non-apparition, instead, infers that the explanations in which ghosts are viewed are actually hallucinations of the mind. This is the standard terminology used in The Turn of the Screw. From the beginning, although James has a captive means of expressing himself through story-telling, one major criticism is that the stories he creates are too far-fetched. He misses out on incorporating the essence of reality into his story, which immediately sends reads on a downward spiral away from realism. The story does not tell about life and the journals of the governess. Instead the governess and the supporting characters (which includes ghost figments) are not people we’d easily associate with in life. James has a focus in his novella, but the thematic structure is too narrow in the sense that he ignores incorporating daily-life experience and background structure—both in characterization and scenery. Readers cannot truly take his account as a subject of realism. When we look at his characters and plot-structure, it becomes clear that James excluded huge segments of society. He was not concerned with low-class families or even the middle class. He wrote of nothing in regards to the common man. Instead, his interest lie solely in envisioning a class of people devoted to the luxuries of high class status. So, in order to follow along with Henry James, we must pay a ticket, so-to-speak, to enter his special world of an elite cast from another planet of thinking. First, we must agree to the boundaries of his world. Then, and only then, can we consider him to be a realist. However, it’s important to point out that James is true to his characters. He never violates the laws of his reality. His is, in effect, a faithful storyteller and his characters are always understandable. Robert Lee Wolff, for instance, in his published piece, The Genesis of The Turn of the Screw, points out that there were many skeptics who felt that readers who believed in this supernatural tale were, in effect, caught in the trap of Henry James. It was viewed as a â€Å"cold artistic calculation† on the part of its highly entertained author (Wolff p. 125). As we look at the governess in the first few turns of the story, we see how James very deliberately and carefully sets up the machinery where the governess first witnesses the ghosts. The governess believes in these ghost-incidents but refuses to investigate the situation. It’s difficult to believe our governess would not be shaken by curiosity in hopes of validating her visions. It’s also apparent that the governess takes a liking to her employer and she wants him to go on these walks with her, in hopes of them both seeing the ghosts. But she does not. This is very uncharacteristic of a mentally stable person. James leaves room for the reader to decide whether or not it’s her infatuation or psychotic visions that has a hold of her. It seems, to me, that her imagination, along with her mental fragility, are the keys that lead her to imagine the ghosts, instead of actually seeing them. To back up my claim, Francis Roellinger cites the following, If James emphasized the artistic limitations of the â€Å"recorded and arrested† ghosts, it is chiefly to make clear to the reader his reasons for ignoring these limitations in the construction of his own phantoms† (Roellinger 135). With working with children during the day, the governess discovers the magic within the children—and their own individual gravity toward curiosity and uncovering the truth of situations. Yet, her state of mind seems to cloud her vision. This further strengthens my plea that these ghosts were actually figments of her imagination. The governess does spend time discussing these apparition sightings with Mrs. Grose. They learn that the man died after falling on the ice after a drunken evening at a tavern. The history of recent dead individuals includes the previous governess who died last year. Are these dead the ghosts she sees? We then discover that the children know of these ghosts, but are hiding this information from the adults. James has a spine-tingling means of crafting his story, yet the believability fall short with his lack of realism and superficial details. Later, other critics saw his work lacking realistic integrity. Robert Lee Wolff added that Henry James created a governess that certainly suffered from mental illness. Wolff wrote, â€Å"the tortured forms and expressions, are proof positive that he regards the governess, who sees the ghosts and tells the story, as a neurotic, suffering from sex repression (Wolff p. 126). Another critic, in the same published essay by Wolff, was cited as locating several situations that carried Freudian significance, which integrated our governess’s final pedophile passion for the young boy. The governess, in the end, scares him out-of-his-mind, frightening him to death. In reading a story so heavily laced with ghost appearances, how is it that the governess is such a stoic in regards to keeping her fear-factor at bay? This question brings to mind the notion that our governess might have some secret desire for fear or even pain. How else could she perpetuate her relations with the young boy child to the point of utter contempt regarding sexual desire? The situation weighs too heavily in favor of the governess’s mental instability being a driving force that leads her to imagine that she sees these ghosts. As we consider it deeper, her illness can be paralleled to imagining some of the scenes where children—according to her—are chatting with an apparition. On top of this, her solitude and lack of having a lover or partner in her life further distresses her situation. In essence, we can view this entire tale as a battle of good versus evil—not paranormal reality. The governess could also be considered a person who created this ghost scenario upon innocent children, which would be an extremely neurotic tendency on her part. She feels so alone and, when the children are in confidence with the ghosts, she creates a scenario, through her excessive imagination that holds little remorse for the repercussions that might occur to the children or other characters in the story. In conclusion, it’s clear that this is a story of a mentally unstable woman who uses her neuroses to create this universe of ghosts. It’s her means of communicating with others, after her younger years did not lead her to love. She is a deeply unstable individual, flawed with ruin. She is not the type of person who would be able to deal with these spine-tingling events with the conviction she displayed. This character trait in the governess along with other unrealistic situations in the story, offer no other solution than to consider it as a purely fabricated and imaginary chain of events.

A Fair Trial And Punishment - 1528 Words

Throughout the years, the definition of a fair trial and punishment has changed. In some ways, our Judicial System has gotten better; however, it has also gotten worse in some cases. Our Justice System no longer has a clear understanding of whether or not capital punishment is fair, constitutional, or should be fully utilized. Some people say that the use of capital punishment is unconstitutional, ethically wrong, and extreme. However, others say that Capital punishment would honor the victims and help console grieving families. It would ensure that the perpetrators would never get the chance to commit such horrendous crimes again. It would serve as a deterrent to other people who might commit the same or similar crimes in the future causing less tragedy and heartbreak. In many cases, like Kennedy v. Louisiana, many criminals get out of capital punishment because the crime did not result in the death of the victim. In Kennedy v. Louisiana Patrick Kennedy was convicted for t he aggravated rape of his 8 year-old step-daughter and sentenced to death. The Louisiana Supreme Court affirmed the statute, rejecting the defendant s reliance on Coker v. Georgia, which prevented the use of capital punishment for the rape of an adult woman. The Eighth Amendment, which bans the use of cruel and unusual punishment, bars Louisiana from imposing capital punishment for the rape of a child because the crime did not result in the death of the victim. This is just one example ofShow MoreRelatedImportance Of The Eighth Amendment1115 Words   |  5 Pagesshall not be required, nor excessive fines are imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.† This was made to help make sure that more amounts of bail money/property are not given to by excessive amounts, and that cruel or unusual punishments are not prohibited to any person going into court. Bail is where a certain amount of money is required to leave jail and is another way to ensure that you will go t o a trial. Patrick henry and Holmes were people who pointed out that americans shouldRead MoreThe Nuremburg Trials Essay740 Words   |  3 PagesII when all the camps were liberated, trials were held against the Nazi’s who took part in this genocide. These trials were called the Nuremburg trials. The trials took place between October 20, 1945 and October 1, 1946 . Although Many Nazis felt they were taking orders their punishments through the Nuremburg trials were justified due to the massive loss of life in the concentration as well as the social consequences on families. Throughout the Nuremburg trials there were 8 judges. Only 24 Nazis wereRead MoreCase Study : Ford Vs. Wainwright Case1426 Words   |  6 Pageswith him because he felt that the doctor also was part of the conspiracy theory. According to Farringer (2001), â€Å"Justice Powell s concurring opinion, on the other hand, found that the appropriate standard is whether the prisoner is aware of the punishment she is about to suffer and the reasons she is to suffer it† (p.2441). Ford was interviewed again and thought he should go free because of his condition and understanding of what the law was about mentally ill patients and how it would be consideredRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Legalized1229 Words   |  5 Pagesdeath penalty needs to be completely abolished. Their view is that is is inhumane and constitutionally unjustified. On the other hand many believe it is a source of deterrence and is the only just punishment for some crimes. When it comes down to it, the death penalty deters crime, is a fair and just punishment, and restores justice. I believe the death penalty should be legalized throughout the entire country. The death penalty has been around for a long time. It has been recorded as being around asRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of The Fifth Amendment926 Words   |  4 Pages if you are not informed of this, your rights have been violated. †¢ the right to a fair trial – you are guaranteed a fair trial if and when charged. You also have the right to a speedy trial. If your case is unnecessarily dragged and you are forced to wait for a long time for the trial to begin, your rights may have been violated. Finally, as far as the trial is concerned, you also have the right to a jury trial if you are charged with a serious crime (defined as crimes that carry a penalty of minimumRead MoreMilitary Crimes Of The United States Constitution998 Words   |  4 PagesThe arrest and trial of enemy combatants by military tribunal poses no significant moral issues. It is military order to detain those accused of international terrorism. Every country has their own guidelines and regulations when it comes to punishments, the U.S. punishments could be worse. Overall, the American government has and will try to do all that is necessary in order to protect all Americans. As of 2001, a new order in war was presented. The United States Constitution allows Congress theRead MoreTruman Capote s A Cold Blood Makes A Great Case For Justice1719 Words   |  7 Pagestogether to murder the Clutters. They got caught and trial, however at the time Kansas maximum incarceration was life imprisonment with parole and most prisoners are paroled after twenty years. Twenty years of imprisonment for brutally killing four members of the most influential family in the area, causing mass hysteria for everyone in Holcomb and for others who are involved in the case is unquestionably too short. However, is the death penalty fair for both of them, considering Dick had a mental disorderRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Cruel And Unusual Punishment988 Words   |  4 Pageshis laws codified; it was â€Å"an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth†. Capital punishment in America started when spies were caught, put on trial and hung. In the past and still today people argue that, the death penalty is cruel, unusual punishment and should be illegal. Yet many people argue that it is in fact justifiable and it is not cruel and unusual. Capital punishment is not cruel and unusual; the death penalty is fair and there is evidence that the death penalty deters crime.  Ã¢â‚¬ ¨A big part of abolitionist’sRead MoreCriminal Justice Systems Paper1153 Words   |  5 Pagesin a fair trial. The legal definition of a crime is a wrong doing classified by the state or congress as a felony or misdemeanor, or an offense against a public law. The Merriam Webster Dictionary defines crime as â€Å"an act or the commission of an act that is forbidden or the omission of a duty that is commanded by a public law and that makes the offender liable to punishment by that law† (2010). â€Å"One of the fundamental theories of the United States criminal justice system is that those on trial remainRead MoreJudge Court Is Guilty Of Due Process Violations1674 Words   |   7 Pagesunlike any other in the country. Judge Williams’s courts in Georgia’s Glynn and Camden Counties do not honor a major component of rule of law—due process. Due process is fair treatment through the judicial system. It includes, among a few other rights, the rights to receive an impartially fair trial and subsequent reasonable punishment, to grieve or complain against the charges and government official in charge, and to appeal. Judge Amanda William’s drug court is guilty of due process violations in

A Sardonic Novel, Kurt Vonnegut’s “Slaughterhouse Five

Kurt Vonnegut’s â€Å"Slaughterhouse Five† is a sardonic novel chronicling the experiences of Billy Pilgrim, a World War II veteran, survivor of the Dresden firebombing, and protagonist of the novel. Billy is a very unreliable narrator who has become â€Å"unstuck in time†. Billy is constantly journeying through time; at one moment he’s a flourishing optometrist and the next he’s a prisoner of war in Germany. Billy is forced to deal with an existential crisis presented forth by the great destruction he witnesses. These horrible atrocities that Billy encounters (bombing of Dresden, execution of Edgar Derby, etc.); however, are all really means to an end. They expose Billy to a contrast, that is, a way in which he can assess his own life and search for meaning. Life and being are seldom questioned. Billy is unique. He watches as thousands of lives are extinguished and he can only wonder â€Å"why?† The fact of the matter is, there is no answer . There is no reason why. Billy cannot understand this, which, ultimately, leads to his acceptance of the Tralfamadorian view that nothing has any meaning at all. In the beginning of chapter four, Vonnegut creates a depiction of the war going backwards to display the random nature of time as defined by the Tralfamadorians. In this scene, Billy is watching a movie on American bombers and the gallant pilots in World War II. Billy becomes stuck in time, as he watches the movie forward and backward. This passage in the novel reiterates theShow MoreRelatedPostmodernism in Literature5514 Words   |  23 Pagesnarrative, Jacques Derridas concept of play, and Jean Baudrillards simulacra. For example, instead of the modernist quest for meaning in a chaotic world, the postmodern author eschews, often playfully, the possibility of meaning, and the postmodern novel is often a parody of this quest. This distrust of totalizing mechanisms extends even to the author; thus postmodern writers often celebrate chance over craft and employ metafiction to undermine the authors univocal control (the control of only one

Human Memory Affected By Concussion - 1546 Words

Human Memory Affected by Concussion: A Review of the Literature In the recent years, many scientists have discovered more and more pro athletes in the NFL, NHL and some High School athletes all have links to some type of head injury. Doctors know more today then they did nearly 30 years ago. Most scientists agree that your memory can be affected by some type of head injury. But for some they still ask a few questions: What is a concussion? How long does it take recover? How does a concussion effect short term memory? How does a concussion effect long term memory? What are effects a concussion have on ones memory/intelligence? What are they doing about it? This review of does a concussion stay within someone for the rest of the their†¦show more content†¦It goes on to say â€Å"Computerized and clinical test have detected postural stability deficits at least 3 days after the concussion, but the course of longer term recovery in balance functioning has not been extensively†(JAMA, 2003, p. 2557) It isn t just the JAMA Network saying that it takes this long to recover from a concussion but it all depends on doctors and the one with the concussion to know when its time to comeback. But for some they suffer from Post-Concussion Syndrome and according to the Mayo Clinic â€Å"occurs within a couple days and usually goes aways within three months,though they can persit for a year or more.† But overall it just takes time for someone to recover from a concussion. In addition, to the both the Mayo Clinic and JAMA network saying that a concussion is a serious head injury that can sideline someone for extensive period of time. How does a concussion effect short term memory? When someone gets a concussion for some they usually get the typical side effect a headache, amnesia, fogginess and fatigue. But for most people they struggle with short term memory is a ongoing problem with people that get diagnosed with a concussion an according to Tramatic Brain Injury Survival Guide Dr. Glen Johnson (2010) a Clinical Neuropsychologist. â€Å"There’s some variation in how people define short-term memory. I define it as the ability to remember something after 30 minutes. In a head injury, someone sShow MoreRelatedThe Human Brain Is Made Up Of Soft Tissue846 Words   |  4 PagesThe human brain is made up of soft tissue, cushioned by spinal fluid and encased in the protective shell of the skull. Keeping the brain structure in mind, a concussion is commonly caused by a sudden direct blow or a bump to the head. This causes the brain to jolt inside the skull, further leading to the state of confusion most peopl e wake to. Some may even lose consciousness, or even sustain permanent brain or nerve damage. Since concussions are internal, the behavior of the person must be challengedRead MoreThe Popularity Of Pro Football969 Words   |  4 Pagesmost amazing thing. But as time has caught up with me certain things have made me wonder if it’s worth it. Athletes in the NFL make millions, but they also endure certain life problems, which we, as fans, don’t see, to include injuries such as concussions, ACL tears, financial problems, and quality of life issues after football. In this essay I will give examples of why being a football player is a harder life than what the casual fan may think. A professional football player has some of theRead MoreThe Effects Of Football On The Football1185 Words   |  5 Pagesplayers that they’ve examined  and in 79 percent of all football players. The disease is chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE); it’s been widely believed to have formed from repetitive trauma (hits) to the head. This can lead to conditions such as memory loss, depression and dementia (Breslow). Moreover, recent studies have shown that the brain undergoes major trauma and stress as the high contact sport keeps the players in constant collision with each other. As young members of surrounding communitiesRead MoreThe Effects Of Concussions On The Football Field1553 Words   |  7 Pagesgame, it would cost the team playoff contention if they lose. This man is young, rich, and famous, but little does he know that each concussion he gets brings him one step closer to his own grave. Multiple concussions relating to sports leads to early onset Dement ia and CTE, loss of life, changes in how games are played, lawsuits, and even more unsettling concussion facts and statistics. Jessica Firger writes â€Å"In many circumstances--if not most-- frequent blows to the head have effects that may lastRead MoreThe Effects Of Concussions On American Football1295 Words   |  6 PagesConcussions have been known about since the early 1900s. During this time concussions did not receive the attention that it receives now. In mainstream media today concussions are a growing issue, not only in professional sports but also at high school and college levels. It is believed that Dr. Bennet Omalu was the first person to come up with a study and show that concussions are very dangerous and the great effects it has. His focus was mainly towards American football but it was helpful to othersRead MoreEthics And Ethics Of Sports1260 Words   |  6 PagesPlaying sports improves one’s overall physical fitness, strengthens social responsibility, contributes to academic success, and builds character values. According to Morgan Rush, during the 2010 and 2011 academic year, t he U.S. Department of Health and Human Services reported that sports participation records in the United States had reached record levels (Rush, 2014, para. 1). It was recorded that 55 percent of all high students participated in sports (Rush, 2014, para. 1). However, there are many concernsRead MoreFunctions and Structure of Neuroanatomy Essay1547 Words   |  7 Pageswhere information from the outside world is formed, memory centers where information is stored, and the motor centers where the final decision to act is taken. The frontal lobes allow individuals to reflect before responding to events, without this ability there is no way to plan for the future. Cognitive Function Associated with Frontal Lobe Romine and Reynolds (2005) state that frontal lobe functioning plays a central and pervasive role in human cognition, serving to organize and coordinate brainRead MoreThe Effects Of Concussions On Youth And High School Football1461 Words   |  6 Pages Seth Garff Mrs. Holliday: Period 2 1/8/16 The Dangers of Concussions in Youth and High School Football Thesis: Youth and High School football teams are not adequately protected from the danger of concussions and head trauma. Concussions occur on a large scale in football. During a concussion, the head can experience a blow directly or can have whiplash. When the head is hit, the brain hits the inside of the skull, giving it a temporary bruise. This bruise or tearing ofRead MoreSleep Deprivation And Its Effects On Children Essay1511 Words   |  7 PagesAmericans get less than five hours of sleep per night. Sleep deprivation often results in depression-like symptoms. Thus we heard suggestions that we should have at least eight hours of sleep a night. In fact, the duration of sleep affected by multiple factors, such as human has different sleep needs at the different age, and according to the Openstax (2014), by the time we are 65 years old, we average fewer than seven hours of sleep per day. For instance, I going to prove that people have less thanRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of A Traumatic Brain Injury Essay2249 Words   |  9 Pageswell as severe ones. A concussion is a mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). About 1.6-3.8 million sports-related concussions occur each year in the United States (What is a Concussion? 2016). The prevalence of acquiring a concussion does vary based on the type of sport and the age of the athlete. According to a study done by Clay et al. (2013), there is definitely a risk in every sport for an individual to receive a concussion. However, some sports may have a higher concussion frequency, but this could

Dabhol Power Project free essay sample

India opens its power sector to private foreign investors. Enron begins investigating opportunities in the Indian power sector. Enron executives pitch their ideas to the Indian power secretary, who is in the United States to encourage foreign participation in the Indian power sector. Enron and General Electric sign a memorandum of understanding with the Maharashtra State Electricity Board (MSEB) to build the Dabhol project. The operating entity is the Dabhol Power Company, a joint venture. Enron is the majority owner, while General Electric and Bechtel each own 10% shares. The parties negotiate the terms of the deal. Enron obtains the necessary approvals for the project from the Indian government. The Dabhol Power Company and MSEB sign the power purchase agreement. Indian political parties opposing the ruling Congress party campaign on an antiEnron platform. The opposition alliance wins the election in Maharashtra in March, and in May the new government appoints a committee of state ministers (the Munde Committee) to review the Dabhol project. The Munde Committee issues a sharply critical report that recommends scrapping the Dabhol project. The state government acts on this advice. Enron enters arbitration and seeks $300 million in compensation. The state government files suit in September to void the agreement, alleging fraud and misrepresentation. U. S. officials, including Energy Secretary Hazel O’Leary, warn India that its action will discourage foreign investment. Rebecca Mark, Chairman of Enron International, meets with Bal Thackeray, the top power in one of the ruling parties. Afterwards, negotiations resume between Enron and the state. The state announces it will accept a revised agreement. The state and the Dabhol Power Company finalize the terms of the revised agreement. Legal challenges to the project by Indian groups continue, but are eventually dismissed. Enron obtains approval from the Indian government to expand the Dabhol liquified natural gas terminal to allow it to process 5 million metric tons annually. Dabhol Phase I (740 megawatts) begins generating power. The state of Maharashtra stops paying for Dabhol as of its $22 million December 2000 bill. The state subsequently seeks to cancel the power purchase agreement. Enron begins arbitration proceedings. Secretary of State Colin Powell raises Enron’s problems regarding Dabhol in a discussion with India’s foreign minister. The Dabhol Power Company ceases operation of the Phase I portion of the plant and halts construction on the 90% completed Phase II portion (1,444 megawatts). The Bush Administration releases the White House Energy Plan, which contains a provision that benefits Enron’s India operations. Vice President Cheney raises Dabhol in a meeting with Sonia Gandhi, the president of India’s opposition Congress Party. 2 Nov. 1995 Jan. 1996 Feb. 1996 1996-1997 1997 May 1999 Jan. 2001 April 2001 April 2001 May-June 2001 May 2001 June 2001 July 2001 The National Security Council leads a â€Å"Dabhol working group† with Administration officials, including Treasury, State, the Export-Import Bank, and OPIC officials. Christina B. Rocca, Assistant Secretary of State, meets with Indian officials on Dabhol. Alan Larson, Undersecretary of State for Economic, Business and Agricultural Affairs, raises Dabhol with the Indian foreign minister and the Indian national security advisor. Talking points are prepared for President Bush to discuss Dabhol in a meeting with Indian Prime Minister Vajpayee on November 9. However, the topic is vetoed the day before the meeting on November 8, which is the same day that Enron discloses a stunning $586 million in previously unreported losses. July 2001 Oct. 2001 Nov. 2001 From the project’s inception, Enron strongly promoted Dabhol as a key element of its international strategy. 11 In 1996, Enron’s CEO and Chairman, Ken Lay, said, â€Å"This project serves as a cornerstone of Enron’s activities in India. We pursue additional projects in the country, we look forward to a long-term relationship with both the government and the people of India. †12 As early as 1992, Thomas White, the president of Enron Power, stated: â€Å"In the future, Enron’s business will be 10% domestic and 90% overseas. † 13 The Dabhol project was easily Enron’s most significant overseas endeavor in its size, cost, and political visibility. According to Harvard Business School, Enron Development Corporation: The Dabhol Power Project in Maharashtra, India (A), 9-10 (revised July 6, 1998). Human Rights Watch, The Enron Corporation: Corporate Complicity in Human Rights Violations, 12-25 (January 1999). 9 8 7 Id. at 114; Financing for Indian Plant Secured, Houston Chronicle (Jan. 17, 1995). Enron, Enron International – Our Presence in India (2000) (available online at: http://www. ei. enron. com/presence/projects/india. html). Power Politics: Enron’s Plant in India Was Dead; This Month, It Will Go On, Wall Street Journal (Feb. , 1999) (â€Å"Enron was eager to get a jump on the potentially mammoth [Indian] market†). Enron Power Co Welcomes India Court Dismissal of Lawsuit, Asia Pulse (Dec. 3, 1996); see also India Draws Private Firms to Power Sector, Asian Wall Street Journal (Jan. 29, 1993) (â€Å"‘We’re very, very excited about it,’ says Joe Sutton, the Enron official overseeing t he project. ‘We’re forging the way forward. This will be the cornerstone of other agreements’†). International Power Enron Power Lays Out International Strategy; Lands Philippine Project, Independent Power Report (July 17, 1992). 13 12 11 10 4 Enron, the 2,184 megawatt Dabhol plant is the largest gas-fired power plant in the world. 14 Dabhol also was important for other Enron plans. Dabhol was intended to be a major customer for liquified natural gas supplies from a project that Enron had entered into with the Qatar government. 15 As of 2000, Enron had 20-year contracts for 2. 1 million tons/year of liquified natural gas with two Middle Eastern suppliers. 16 A substantial element of the Dabhol project was construction of a modern port facility that could unload large tankers and a facility for regasification of the imported liquified natural gas. 7 Enron saw this liquified natural gas terminal as the hub of a future Enron gas network in India. 18 As of 2000, Enron was developing a natural gas pipeline project to carry the regasified liquid natural gas to Dabhol and customers north of Dabhol. 19 In addition, in January 1999,